bog

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "bog"

English[edit]

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle English bog, from Irish and Scottish Gaelic bogach (“soft, boggy ground”), from Old Irish bog (“soft”),[1] from Proto-Celtic *buggos (“soft, tender”) + Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos.

The frequent use to form compounds regarding the animals and plants in such areas mimics Irish compositions such as bog-luachair (“bulrush, bogrush”).[1]

Its use for toilets is now often derived from the resemblance of latrines and outhouse cesspools to bogholes,[2][3] but the noun sense appears to be a clipped form of boghouse (“outhouse, privy”),[4] which derived (possibly via boggard) from the verb to bog,[5] still used in Australian English.[3] The derivation and its connection to other senses of "bog" remains uncertain, however, owing to an extreme lack of early citations due to its perceived vulgarity.[6][7]

Noun[edit]

bog (plural bogs)

  2. (originally Ireland and Scotland) An area of decayed vegetation (particularly sphagnum moss) which forms a wet spongy ground too soft for walking; a marsh or swamp.
  3. (figuratively) Confusion, difficulty, or any other thing or place that impedes progress in the manner of such areas.
    • 1614, John King, Vitis Palatina, page 30:
      ...quagmires and bogges of Romish superstition...
    • a. 1796, Robert Burns, Poems & Songs, volume I:
      Last day my mind was in a bog.
    • 1841, Charles Dickens, chapter LXXII, in Barnaby Rudge, page 358:
      He wandered out again, in a perfect bog of uncertainty.
  4. (uncountable) The acidic soil of such areas, principally composed of peat; marshland, swampland.
    • a. 1687, William Petty, Political Arithmetick:
      Bog may by draining be made Meadow.
  6. (UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand, slang) A place to defecate: originally specifically a latrine or outhouse but now used for any toilet.
    I'm on the bog ― I'm sitting on/using the toilet
    I'm in the bog ― I'm in the bathroom
    • 1665, Richard Head et al., The English Rogue Described in the Life of Meriton Latroon, volume I:
      Fearing I should catch cold, they out of pity covered me warm in a Bogg-house.
    • a. 1789, Verses to John Howard F.R.S. on His State of Prisons and Lazarettos, published 1789, page 181:
      ...That no dirt... be thrown out of any window, or down the bogs...
    • 1864, J.C. Hotten, The Slang Dictionary, page 79:
      Bog, or bog-house, a privy as distinguished from a water-closet.
    • 1959, William Golding, chapter I, in Free Fall, page 23:
      Our lodger had our upstairs, use of the stove, our tap, and our bog.
  7. (Australia and New Zealand, slang) An act or instance of defecation.
  8. (US, dialect) A little elevated spot or clump of earth, roots, and grass, in a marsh or swamp.
Alternative forms[edit]
Synonyms[edit]
Hyponyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
coarse slang for toilet — see shitter
See also[edit]

Verb[edit]

bog (third-person singular simple present bogs, present participle bogging, simple past and past participle bogged)

  1. (transitive, now often with "down") To sink or submerge someone or something into bogland.
    • 1928, American Dialect Society, American Speech, volume IV, page 132:
      To be 'bogged down' or 'mired down' is to be mired, generally in the 'wet valleys' in the spring.
  2. (figuratively) To prevent or slow someone or something from making progress.
  3. (intransitive, now often with "down") To sink and stick in bogland.
    • a. 1800, The Trials of James, Duncan, and Robert M'Gregor, Three Sons of the Celebrated Rob Roy, page 120:
      Duncan Graham in Gartmore his horse bogged; that the deponent helped some others to take the horse out of the bogg.
  4. (figuratively) To be prevented or impeded from making progress, to become stuck.
  5. (intransitive, originally vulgar UK, now chiefly Australia) To defecate, to void one's bowels.
  6. (transitive, originally vulgar UK, now chiefly Australia) To cover or spray with excrement.
  7. (transitive, British, informal) To make a mess of something.
Alternative forms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Translations[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

See bug[8]

Noun[edit]

bog (plural bogs)

  1. (obsolete) Alternative form of bug: a bugbear, monster, or terror.
Alternative forms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Uncertain,[9] although possibly related to bug in its original senses of "big" and "puffed up".

Alternative forms[edit]

  • (all senses): bug (Derbyshire & Lincolnshire)

Adjective[edit]

bog (comparative bogger, superlative boggest)

  1. (obsolete) Bold; boastful; proud.
    • 1592, William Warner, chapter XXXVII, in Albions England, volume VII, page 167:
      The Cuckooe, seeing him so bog, waxt also wondrous wroth.
    • 1691, John Ray, South and East Country Words, page 90:
      Bogge, bold, forward, sawcy. So we say, a very bog Fellow.
Derived terms[edit]

Noun[edit]

bog (plural bogs)

  1. (obsolete) Puffery, boastfulness.
    • 1839, Charles Clark, John Noakes and Mary Styles, l. 3:
      Their bog it nuver ceases.

Verb[edit]

bog (third-person singular simple present bogs, present participle bogging, simple past and past participle bogged)

  1. (transitive, obsolete) To provoke, to bug.
    • 1546, State Papers King Henry the Eighth, volume XI, published 1852, page 163:
      If you had not written to me... we had broke now, the Frenchmen bogged us so often with departing.
    • 1556, Nicholas Grimald's translation of Cicero as Marcus Tullius Ciceroes Thre Bokes of Duties to Marcus His Sonne, Vol. III, p. 154:
      A Frencheman: whom he [Manlius Torquatus] slew, being bogged [Latin: provocatus] by hym.

Etymology 4[edit]

From bug off, a clipping of bugger off, likely under the influence of bog (coarse British slang for "toilet[s]").

Verb[edit]

bog (third-person singular simple present bogs, present participle bogging, simple past and past participle bogged)

  1. (euphemistic, slang, British, usually with "off") To go away.
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 5[edit]

From an abbreviation of Bogdanoff, in reference to Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff.

Verb[edit]

bog (third-person singular simple present bogs, present participle bogging, simple past and past participle bogged)

  1. (4chan, Internet slang, transitive) To perform excessive cosmetic surgery that results in a bizarre or obviously artificial facial appearance.
  2. (4chan, Internet slang, reflexive) To have excessive cosmetic surgery performed on oneself, often with a poor or conspicuously unnatural result.
    • 2023 August 4, anonymous author, 4chan‎[1], /lgbt/:
      My nose is already pretty good and I don't want to bog myself.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Oxford English Dictionary, 1st ed. "bog, n.¹" & "bog, v.¹" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1887.
  2. ^ Oxford Dictionaries. "British English: bog". Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2016.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 The Collins English Dictionary. "bog". HarperCollins (London), 2016.
  4. ^ Oxford English Dictionary, "bog, n.⁴"
  5. ^ Oxford English Dictionary, "'bog-house, n." & "† 'boggard, n.²".
  6. ^ Merriam-Webster Online. "bog". Merriam-Webster (Springfield, Mass.), 2016.
  7. ^ Oxford English Dictionary, "bog, v.³"
  8. ^ Oxford English Dictionary. "† bog | bogge, n.²"
  9. ^ Oxford English Dictionary, "† bog, adj. and n.³" & † bog, v.²".

Anagrams[edit]

Danish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /bɔːˀɣ/, [ˈb̥ɔ̝ːˀw], [ˈb̥ɔ̝ːwˀ], [ˈb̥ɔ̽wˀ]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Norse bók (“beech, book”), from Proto-Germanic *bōks, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos (“beech”).

Noun[edit]

bog c (singular definite bogen, plural indefinite bøger)

  1. book
Declension[edit]
Declension of bog
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative bog bogen bøger bøgerne
genitive bogs bogens bøgers bøgernes
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Maybe from Middle Low German bōk.

Noun[edit]

bog c (singular definite bogen, plural indefinite bog)

  1. beechnut, beech mast
Declension[edit]
Declension of bog
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative bog bogen bog bogene
genitive bogs bogens bogs bogenes
Related terms[edit]

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

French[edit]

Noun[edit]

bog m (plural bogs)

  1. (ecology) an ombrotrophic peatland
    Antonym: fen

Further reading[edit]

German[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

bog

  1. preterite tense of biegen

Hungarian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Probably from Proto-Finno-Ugric *poŋka (“knot, knob, protuberance, unevenness”). Cognates include Estonian pung.[1][2]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bog (plural bogok)

  1. knot
    Synonym: csomó

Declension[edit]

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative bog bogok
accusative bogot bogokat
dative bognak bogoknak
instrumental boggal bogokkal
causal-final bogért bogokért
translative boggá bogokká
terminative bogig bogokig
essive-formal bogként bogokként
essive-modal — —
inessive bogban bogokban
superessive bogon bogokon
adessive bognál bogoknál
illative bogba bogokba
sublative bogra bogokra
allative boghoz bogokhoz
elative bogból bogokból
delative bogról bogokról
ablative bogtól bogoktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		bogé bogoké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		bogéi bogokéi
Possessive forms of bog
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. bogom bogaim
2nd person sing. bogod bogaid
3rd person sing. boga bogai
1st person plural bogunk bogaink
2nd person plural bogotok bogaitok
3rd person plural boguk bogaik

Derived terms[edit]

Compound words

References[edit]

  1. ^ Entry #816 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
  2. ^ bog in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading[edit]

  • bog in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • bog in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)

Irish[edit]

FWOTD – 15 June 2020

Etymology[edit]

From Old Irish boc (“soft”),[1] from Proto-Celtic *buggos.

The verb is from Old Irish bocaid (“to soften”), from the adjective.[2]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

bog (genitive singular masculine boig, genitive singular feminine boige, plural boga, comparative boige)

  1. soft (giving way under pressure; lacking strength or resolve; requiring little or no effort; easy)
    Synonym: tláith
  2. flabby (of physical condition)
  3. soft, mellow, gentle (of sound, voice)
    • 2015 [2014], Will Collins, translated by Proinsias Mac a' Bhaird, edited by Maura McHugh, Amhrán na Mara (fiction; paperback), Kilkenny, County Kilkenny, Howth, Dublin: Cartoon Saloon; Coiscéim, translation of Song of the Sea (in English), →ISBN, page 2:
      Briseann tonnta boga in aghaidh na gcarraigeacha thíos faoi.
      [original: Waves gently lap against the rocks below.]
  4. (of weather) wet
  5. mild, humid (of winter)
  6. loose
  7. lukewarm
    Synonyms: alabhog, alathe, bogthe

Declension[edit]

Declension of bog
Singular Plural (m/f)
Positive Masculine Feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
Nominative bog bhog boga;
bhoga²
Vocative bhoig boga
Genitive boige boga bog
Dative bog;
bhog¹ 		bhog;
bhoig (archaic) 		boga;
bhoga²
Comparative níos boige
Superlative is boige

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Derived terms[edit]

Noun[edit]

bog m (genitive singular boig)

  1. something soft
  2. (anatomy, of ear) lobe
    Synonyms: liopa, maothán

Declension[edit]

Declension of bog

First declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun)

Case Singular
Nominative bog
Vocative a bhoig
Genitive boig
Dative bog

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular
Nominative an bog
Genitive an bhoig
Dative leis an mbog

don bhog

Verb[edit]

bog (present analytic bogann, future analytic bogfaidh, verbal noun bogadh, past participle bogtha) (transitive, intransitive)

  1. soften, become soft; (of pain) ease; (of milk) warm; (of weather) get milder; soften, move (someone's heart)
  2. move, loosen; (of a cradle) rock

Conjugation[edit]

conjugation of bog (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present bogaim bogann tú;
bogair† 		bogann sé, sí bogaimid bogann sibh bogann siad;
bogaid† 		a bhogann; a bhogas /
a mbogann*; a mbogas* 		bogtar
past bhog mé; bhogas bhog tú; bhogais bhog sé, sí bhogamar; bhog muid bhog sibh; bhogabhair bhog siad; bhogadar a bhog /
ar bhog* 		bogadh
past habitual bhogainn / mbogainn‡‡ bhogtá / mbogtᇇ bhogadh sé, sí / mbogadh sé, s퇇 bhogaimis; bhogadh muid / mbogaimis‡‡; mbogadh muid‡‡ bhogadh sibh / mbogadh sibh‡‡ bhogaidís; bhogadh siad / mbogaidís‡‡; mbogadh siad‡‡ a bhogadh /
a mbogadh* 		bhogtaí / mbogta퇇
future bogfaidh mé;
bogfad 		bogfaidh tú;
bogfair† 		bogfaidh sé, sí bogfaimid;
bogfaidh muid 		bogfaidh sibh bogfaidh siad;
bogfaid† 		a bhogfaidh; a bhogfas /
a mbogfaidh*; a mbogfas* 		bogfar
conditional bhogfainn / mbogfainn‡‡ bhogfá / mbogfᇇ bhogfadh sé, sí / mbogfadh sé, s퇇 bhogfaimis; bhogfadh muid / mbogfaimis‡‡; mbogfadh muid‡‡ bhogfadh sibh / mbogfadh sibh‡‡ bhogfaidís; bhogfadh siad / mbogfaidís‡‡; mbogfadh siad‡‡ a bhogfadh /
a mbogfadh* 		bhogfaí / mbogfa퇇
subjunctive present go mboga mé;
go mbogad† 		go mboga tú;
go mbogair† 		go mboga sé, sí go mbogaimid;
go mboga muid 		go mboga sibh go mboga siad;
go mbogaid† 		— go mbogtar
past dá mbogainn dá mbogtá dá mbogadh sé, sí dá mbogaimis;
dá mbogadh muid 		dá mbogadh sibh dá mbogaidís;
dá mbogadh siad 		— dá mbogtaí
imperative bogaim bog bogadh sé, sí bogaimis bogaigí;
bogaidh† 		bogaidís — bogtar
verbal noun bogadh
past participle bogtha

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Derived terms[edit]

Mutation[edit]

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
bog bhog mbog
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References[edit]

  1. ^ G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 boc”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “bocaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  3. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 14
  4. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 47

Further reading[edit]

Lower Sorbian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *bogъ.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bog m pers (feminine bogowka)

  1. god

Declension[edit]

Declension of bog
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative bog boga bogi
Genitive boga bogowu bogow
Dative bogoju bogoma bogam
Accusative boga bogowu bogi, bogow
Instrumental bogom bogoma bogami
Locative bogu bogoma bogach

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “bog”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
  • Starosta, Manfred (1999) “bog”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Norse bógr, from Germanic.

Noun[edit]

bog m (definite singular bogen, indefinite plural boger, definite plural bogene)

  1. shoulder (of an animal)

References[edit]

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Norse bógr, from Proto-Germanic *bōguz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵʰús.

Noun[edit]

bog m (plural bogen)

  1. shoulder, primarily of an animal

Etymology 2[edit]

From Old Norse bók, from Proto-Germanic *bōks.

Noun[edit]

bog f (definite singular bogjå)

  1. (dialectal) alternative form of bok
    • 1996, Tobias Skretting, Attemed ånå, page 90:
      Takk for bogjå
      Thanks for the book
    • 1957, Reinert Ersdal, quoting Andreas Mjaasund, Bakke kyrkje: Krosskyrkja 200 år, [Flekkefjord]: [Soknerådet?]:
      Eg kan nok bli frelst etter bogjå, men ikkje ette det vonde hjerta mitt.
      I might be saved by the book, but not by my evil heart.

References[edit]

Old English[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *bōguz. Cognate with Old Saxon bōg, Old High German buog, Old Norse bógr.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bōg m

  1. a branch or bough of a tree
  2. a tendril or sprig of a plant
  3. the arm or shoulder

Declension[edit]

Declension of bog (strong a-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative bōg bōgas
accusative bōg bōgas
genitive bōges bōga
dative bōge bōgum

Related terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • Middle English: boȝ, bogh

Scottish Gaelic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Irish boc (“soft, gentle, tender; tepid”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

bog (comparative buige)

  1. soft
  2. wet, damp, moist

Declension[edit]

Case Masculine singular Feminine singular Plural
Nominative bog bhog boga
Vocative bhuig bhog boga
Genitive bhuig bhuig/buige bog(a)
Dative bhog bhuig boga

Derived terms[edit]

Mutation[edit]

Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical Lenition
bog bhog
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References[edit]

  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “bog”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎[2], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 boc”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bogъ.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bȏg m (Cyrillic spelling бо̑г)

  1. god, deity
  2. (colloquial) idol, god

Declension[edit]

Declension of bog
singular plural
nominative bȏg bògovi / bȍzi (poetic, regional)
genitive bȍga bògōvā / bȏgā (poetic, regional)
dative bȍgu bògovima / bȍzima (poetic, regional)
accusative bȍga bògove / bȍge (poetic, regional)
vocative bȍže bògovi / bȍzi (poetic, regional)
locative bȍgu bògovima / bȍzima (poetic, regional)
instrumental bȍgom bògovima / bȍzima (poetic, regional)

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Slavomolisano[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Serbo-Croatian bog.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bog m

  1. god

Declension[edit]

    declension of bog (anim series-1b masc cons-stem)
singular plural
nominative bog
 boga
genitive boga
 bog, bogi
dative bogu
 bogami, bogi
accusative bog, boga
 boga
locative bogu
 boga
instrumental bogom, bogam
 bogami, bogi

References[edit]

  • Walter Breu and Giovanni Piccoli (2000), Dizionario croato molisano di Acquaviva Collecroce: Dizionario plurilingue della lingua slava della minoranza di provenienza dalmata di Acquaviva Collecroce in Provincia di Campobasso (Parte grammaticale)., pp. 394

Slovene[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *bogъ.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bọ̑g m anim (female equivalent bogínja)

  1. god
  2. (uncommon, figuratively) paragon[→SSKJ]
  3. (uncommon, figuratively) highest value[→SSKJ]

Usage notes[edit]

The dative singular form bogȗ is mostly limited to the phrase hvála bogȗ.

Declension[edit]

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First masculine declension (hard o-stem, animate, -ov- infix) , long mixed accent
nom. sing. bọ̑g
gen. sing. bogȃ
singular dual plural
nominative
imenovȃlnik 		bọ̑g bogȏva, bogȃ bogȏvi
genitive
rodȋlnik 		bogȃ bogóv bogóv
dative
dajȃlnik 		bọ̑gu, bọ̑gi, bogȗ bogȏvoma, bogȏvama bogȏvom, bọ̑gȏvam
accusative
tožȋlnik 		bogȃ bogȏva, bogȃ bogȏve
locative
mẹ̑stnik 		bọ̑gu, bọ̑gi bogȏvih bogȏvih
instrumental
orọ̑dnik 		bọ̑gom bogȏvoma, bogȏvama bogȏvi
(vocative)
(ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik) 		bọ̑g bogȏva, bogȃ bogȏvi


Interjection[edit]

bọ̑g

  1. god

Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • “bog”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
  • “bog”, in Termania, Amebis
  • See also the general references

Swedish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Swedish bōgher, from Old Norse bógr, from Proto-Germanic *bōguz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰāǵʰus.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bog c

  1. shoulder (of an animal)
  2. bow (front of boat or ship)

Declension[edit]

Declension of bog 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative bog bogen bogar bogarna
Genitive bogs bogens bogars bogarnas

Derived terms[edit]

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