septem

Latin

Latin numbers ^(edit)

	70
←  6	VII 7	8  →
Cardinal: septem     Ordinal: septimus     Adverbial: septiēs, septiēns     Multiplier: septimplus, septemplus, septimplex, septemplex, septuplus, septuplex     Distributive: septēnus     Fractional: septāns

Alternative forms

• Symbol: VII

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *septem, from Proto-Indo-European *septḿ̥.

Cognates include Sanskrit सप्तन् (saptán), Ancient Greek ἑπτά (heptá), Old English seofon (English seven) and Old Church Slavonic седмь (sedmĭ).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈsep.tem/, [ˈs̠ɛpt̪ɛ̃ˑ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈsep.tem/, [ˈsɛpt̪em]

Numeral

septem (indeclinable)

1. seven; 7
   • 8 CE, Ovid, Metamorphoses 5.188–190:

     at Nileus, qui se genitum septemplice Nilo ementitus erat, clipeo quoque flumina septem argento partim, partim caelaverat auro

     But Nileus, who falsely claimed he was born of the seven-fold Nile, had upon [his] shield the seven streams, part in silver and part engraved in gold

   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Genesis.29.18:

     quam diligens Iacob ait serviam tibi pro Rahel filia tua minore septem annis

     And Jacob loved Rachel; and said, I will serve thee seven years for Rachel thy younger daughter.

Derived terms

• september
• septemplex
• septēnārius
• septimānus
• septuplus

Descendants

• Balkan Romance:
  • Aromanian: shapti, shapte
  • Istro-Romanian: șåpte
  • Romanian: șapte
• Dalmatian:
  • sapto
• Italo-Romance:
  • Corsican: sette, setti
  • Gallurese: setti
  • Italian: sette
  • Neapolitan: sette
  • Sassarese: setti
  • Sicilian: setti, sietti
• North Italian:
  • Emilian: sêt
  • Friulian: siet
  • Istriot: siete
  • Ladin: set
  • Romansch: set, siat, seat
  • Venetian: sete
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: sèt
  • Old French: set
    • Middle French: sept
      • French: sept
    • Norman: sept, saept
    • Walloon: set
• Occitano-Romance:
  • Catalan: set
  • Occitan: sèt
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Aragonese: siet, siete
  • Asturian: siete
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: sete
    • Portuguese: sete
      • Kadiwéu: seete
      • Macanese: séti
    • Galician: sete
  • Spanish: siete
    • → Ilocano: siete
    • → Tagalog: siyete
• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: sete, seti

See also

• Appendix:Latin cardinal numerals

References

• “septem”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “septem”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• septem in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • Solon, one of the seven sages: Solo, unus de septem (illis)