齒

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See also: 歯 and 齿
齒 U+9F52, 齒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9F52
← 齑
[U+9F51] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 齓 →
[U+9F53]
⿒ U+2FD2, ⿒
KANGXI RADICAL TOOTH
← ⿑
[U+2FD1] 		Kangxi Radicals ⿓ →
[U+2FD3]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
Traditional 齒
Shinjitai 歯
Simplified 齿

Han character[edit]

See images of
Radical 211 齒

齒 (Kangxi radical 211, 齒+0, 15 strokes, cangjie input 卜一山人人 (YMUOO), four-corner 21772, composition ⿱止𠚕)

  1. Kangxi radical #211, ⿒.
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №38

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1532, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48583
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2070, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4788, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9F52

Chinese[edit]

trad. 齒
simp. 齿
alternative forms
 
歯
𠔒
𠚒
𠚕
𡽔
歯
𠔒
𠚒
𠚕
𡽔
𣥫
𣦋
𣦗
𦥒
𦦂
𦥪

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 齒
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (止) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
祉 *kʰlɯʔ
址 *kjɯʔ
止 *kjɯʔ
趾 *kjɯʔ
芷 *kjɯʔ
沚 *kjɯʔ
阯 *kjɯʔ
齒 *kʰjɯʔ
紕 *be, *pʰi, *kʰjɯʔ

Pictogram (象形) – a mouth full of teeth. 之 (zhī) or 止 (zhǐ) was later added on top as a phonetic component.

Etymology[edit]

Unclear. Not related to Tibetan མཆེ་བ (mche ba, “fang, tusk”), which is cognate with 齻／𱌺 (diān, “eyetooth”), but may be the same word as Proto-Min *kʰiᴮ (“tooth”). Another possibility is a derivation from an Austroasiatic etymon; Schuessler, 2007 (p.188) suggests a possible relationship to Khmer ខ្នាយ (khnaay, “tusk, spur”), as Austroasiatic medial /n/ is often deleted in loans.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • kī - vernacular;
  • chī - literary.
Note:
  • khí - vernacular;
  • chhí - literary.
Note:
  • ki2 - vernacular;
  • cin2 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 齒
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹³/
Tianjin /t͡sʰz̩¹³/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵/
Qingdao /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/
Xi'an /t͡sʰz̩⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡sʰz̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
Chengdu /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
Guiyang /t͡sʰz̩²¹/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹²/
Hefei /t͡sʰʐ̩²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
Pingyao /sz̩⁵³/ 平～磨
/t͡sz̩⁵³/ ～輪兒
Hohhot /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡sz̩³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡sʰz̩ʷ⁵¹/
Hangzhou /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
Wenzhou /t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰi³¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴¹/
Xiangtan /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰz̩²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰz̩³¹/
Taoyuan /tʃʰï³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰi³⁵/
Nanning /t͡sʰi³⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰi³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sʰi⁵³/
/kʰi⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kʰi³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sʰi²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /kʰi⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /xi²¹³/
Rime
Character 齒
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 昌 (24)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 昌里切
Baxter tsyhiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕʰɨX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕʰɨX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕʰieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/cʰɨX/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕʰiəX/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕʰĭəX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕʰiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		chǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ci2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 齒
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		chǐ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsyhiX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*t-[k]ʰə(ŋ)ʔ/ (or *t.ŋ̊əʔ)
English front teeth

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 齒
Reading # 1/1
No. 17302
Phonetic
component 		止
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		齒
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰjɯʔ/

Definitions[edit]

齒

  1. (anatomy) tooth
    牙齒／牙齿  ―  yáchǐ  ―  tooth
  2. (figurative) tooth- or zigzag-like thing, such as a sawtooth, cogwheel, or fern
  3. (figurative) age (of a person or animal)
  4. to juxtapose; to put side by side
  5. to utter; to mention
  6. † to employ; to take in
  7. (dialectal) to touch; to be in contact with
  8. (Xiang) pay attention, to be concerned with
    你莫齒他就是的。 [Xiang, trad.]
    你莫齿他就是的。 [Xiang, simp.]
    nyi3 mo6 chr3 ta1 ziou5 shr5 di [Wiktionary]
    It would be better to not pay attention to him.
    我才懶齒得。 [Xiang, trad.]
    我才懒齿得。 [Xiang, simp.]
    ngo3 zai2 lan3 chr3 de [Wiktionary]
    I'd rather not concern myself.

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 牙齒 (“tooth”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 齒
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 牙齒
Mandarin Beijing 牙
Taiwan 牙
Harbin 牙
Yantai (Muping) 牙
Jinan 牙
Luoyang 牙
Wanrong 牙
Xi'an 牙
Yinchuan 牙
Xining 牙
Ürümqi 牙
Wuhan 牙齒, 才調子
Chengdu 牙齒
Chongqing 牙齒, 牙巴
Guiyang 牙齒
Guilin 牙齒
Liuzhou 牙齒
Xuzhou 牙
Yangzhou 牙子
Xinghua 牙齒
Hefei 牙, 牙齒
Singapore 牙齒
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 牙
Cantonese Guangzhou 牙
Hong Kong 牙
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 牙
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 牙
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 牙
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 牙
Macau 牙
Guangzhou (Panyu) 牙
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 牙
Guangzhou (Conghua) 牙
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 牙
Foshan 牙
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 牙
Foshan (Shunde) 牙
Foshan (Sanshui) 牙
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 牙
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 牙
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 牙
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 牙
Zhuhai (Doumen) 牙
Jiangmen (Baisha) 牙
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 牙
Taishan 牙
Kaiping (Chikan) 牙
Enping (Niujiang) 牙
Heshan (Yayao) 牙
Dongguan 牙
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 牙
Qingyuan 牙
Fogang 牙
Yingde (Hanguang) 牙
Yangshan 牙
Lianshan (Butian) 牙齒
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 牙齒
Shaoguan 牙, 牙齒
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 牙
Renhua 牙齒
Lechang 牙, 牙齒
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 牙
Sihui 牙
Guangning 牙
Deqing 牙
Huaiji 牙
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 牙
Yunfu 牙
Xinxing 牙
Luoding 牙
Yunan (Pingtai) 牙
Yangjiang 牙
Xinyi 牙齒
Maoming (Xinpo) 牙
Lianjiang 牙
Nanning 牙齒, 牙
Wuzhou 牙齒, 牙
Yulin 牙齒, 牙
Hepu (Lianzhou) 牙齒
Guiping 牙齒
Mengshan (Xihe) 牙齒
Guigang (Nanjiang) 牙齒
Beiliu (Tangliao) 牙齒
Baise 牙齒
Bobai 牙齒
Lingshan 牙齒
Pubei 牙齒
Qinzhou 牙齒
Beihai 牙齒
Ningming 牙齒
Hengzhou 牙齒
Hezhou (Pumen) 牙齒
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 牙
Singapore (Guangfu) 牙
Gan Nanchang 牙齒
Pingxiang 牙齒
Hakka Meixian 牙齒
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 牙
Dongguan (Qingxi) 牙
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 牙齒
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 牙
Wuhua (Huacheng) 牙齒
Conghua (Lütian) 牙齒
Yudu 牙齒
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 牙齒
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 牙齒
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 牙齒
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 牙齒
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 牙齒
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 牙, 牙齒
Hong Kong 牙
Senai (Huiyang) 牙
Singapore (Dabu) 牙齒
Huizhou Jixi 牙齒
Jin Taiyuan 牙
Xinzhou 牙
Northern Min Jian'ou 牙齒
Eastern Min Fuzhou 牙
Changle 牙
Fuqing 喙齒
Yongtai 牙齒
Gutian 喙齒
Fu'an 喙齒
Ningde 喙齒
Shouning 喙齒
Zhouning 喙齒
Fuding 牙齒
Southern Min Xiamen 喙齒, 齒
Xiamen (Tong'an) 喙齒
Quanzhou 喙齒, 齒
Jinjiang 喙齒
Hui'an 喙齒
Anxi 喙齒
Dehua 喙齒
Zhangzhou 喙齒, 齒
Zhao'an 喙齒
Kaohsiung 喙齒, 齒
Yilan 喙齒
Changhua (Lukang) 喙齒
Taichung 牙齒
Taichung (Wuqi) 喙齒
Tainan 喙齒
Taitung 喙齒
Hsinchu 喙齒
Penghu (Magong) 喙齒
Penang (Hokkien) 喙齒, 牙
Singapore (Hokkien) 喙齒, 齒
Manila (Hokkien) 喙齒
Pingnan (Shangdu) 牙齒
Chaozhou 齒
Shantou 齒
Shantou (Chenghai) 齒
Jieyang 齒
Haifeng 牙
Bangkok (Teochew) 齒
Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) 牙
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 齒
Singapore (Teochew) 齒
Pontianak (Teochew) 牙
Leizhou 牙
Wenchang 牙
Haikou 齒
Singapore (Hainanese) 牙, 喙齒
Puxian Min Putian 齒
Xianyou 喙齒
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 牙
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 牙齒
Shehua Fu'an 牙
Fuding 牙
Luoyuan 牙
Sanming 牙
Shunchang 牙
Hua'an 牙
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 牙齒
Wu Shanghai 牙子, 牙齒
Shanghai (Chongming) 牙齒
Suzhou 牙子
Wenzhou 牙齒, 牙
Jinhua 牙齒
Xiang Changsha 牙齒
Loudi 牙齒
Shuangfeng 牙齒
Dialectal synonyms of 理 (“to be concerned with; to pay attention to”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 理, 管, 睬, 理睬, 理會
Mandarin Beijing 理, 搭理, 搭咯
Taiwan 理, 管
Jinan 理, 搭理
Xi'an 招, 理
Wuhan 邇, 理, 睬
Chengdu 理, 睬
Guilin 理
Yangzhou 睬
Hefei 理, 睬
Singapore 理, 管
Cantonese Guangzhou 睬, 理, 騷
Hong Kong 睬, 理, 騷
Yangjiang 理, 睬
Singapore (Guangfu) 理
Gan Nanchang 理, 搭
Hakka Meixian 睬, 唰
Jin Taiyuan 理, 理睬
Northern Min Jian'ou 理
Eastern Min Fuzhou 叕, 插
Southern Min Xiamen 插, 插趖, 插潲, 插管, 管待, 嘀厾
Quanzhou 插, 插趖, 插潲, 嘀厾
Zhangzhou 插, 插潲, 插管, 管待
Tainan 插, 管, 管待
Penang (Hokkien) 插潲
Singapore (Hokkien) 插, 插潲, 管, 插管, 甩
Manila (Hokkien) 插, 插潲
Chaozhou 睬
Shantou 理
Singapore (Teochew) 插
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 理
Wu Shanghai 睬, 理 rare
Suzhou 理, 睬
Wenzhou 朝, 理
Xiang Changsha 齒
Shuangfeng 齒, 搭, 邇

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai

歯

Kyūjitai

齒

Kanji[edit]

齒

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 歯)

  1. tooth

Readings[edit]

  • Go-on: し (shi)
  • Kan-on: し (shi)
  • Kun: は (ha, 齒)

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 齒 (MC tsyhiX). Recorded as Middle Korean 치〯 (chǐ) (Yale: chi) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

齒 (eumhun 이 치 (i chi))

  1. Hanja form? of 치 (“tooth”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

齒: Hán Việt readings: xỉ (昌(xương)止(chỉ)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
齒: Nôm readings: xỉ[1][2][4], xỉa[1][3][5], xẻ[3]

  1. chữ Hán form of xỉ (“teeth”).

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  5. ^ Hồ (1976).
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