acer

See also: Acer and acèr

English

Etymology 1

From the genus name.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈeɪsə/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈeɪsɚ/, /ˈɑkɛɚ/

Noun

acer (plural acers)

1. A plant of the genus Acer; a maple.
   • 1842, The Gardener's Magazine, page 611:

     In the plantations to which we allude, there were also some American acers and the Norway maple, exhibiting dark reds and rich yellows.

References

• “acer”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
• “acer”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

Etymology 2

Noun

acer (plural acers)

1. Obsolete spelling of acre

Anagrams

• -care, Acre, CERA, Care, Cera, Crea, Race, acre, care, e-car, race, race-

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin aciārium, from Latin aciēs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp, pointed”). Compare French acier, Galician aceiro, Italian acciaio, Occitan acièr, Portuguese aço, Spanish acero.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [əˈser]
• IPA^(key): (Valencian) [aˈser]

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

acer m (uncountable)

1. steel

Derived terms

• acer inoxidable
• acerar
• acerat
• aceró

 

Related terms

• acerar

Further reading

• “acer” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “acer” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Latin

Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *akris, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱrós (“sharp”). The change from o-stem to i-stem declension is irregular and not fully explained. Likewise, Latin has irregular lengthening of the vowel. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἄκρος (ákros).

Alternative forms

• ācrus (late, proscribed)

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈaː.ker/, [ˈäːkɛr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈa.t͡ʃer/, [ˈäːt͡ʃer]

Adjective

ācer (feminine ācris, neuter ācre, comparative ācrior, superlative ācerrimus, adverb ācriter); third-declension three-termination adjective

1. sharp, sour, bitter, pungent

   Synonyms: asper, acerbus, frāctus

2. keen, sharp, acute, sagacious
3. energetic, active, vigorous

   Synonyms: strēnuus, impiger, vīvus, alacer, fortis

   Antonym: sēgnis

4. eager, zealous, spirited

   Synonyms: dēsīderōsus, studiōsus, sēdulus, intentus, libēns, cupidus, impiger, aspīrāns

5. subtle
6. severe, violent, cruel, hot

   Synonyms: violēns, trux, ferōx, immānis, efferus, ferus, crūdēlis, sevērus, acerbus

   Antonyms: misericors, mītis, tranquillus, placidus, quiētus, clēmēns

7. penetrating, piercing

Declension

Third-declension three-termination adjective.

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ācer	ācris	ācre		ācrēs		ācria
Genitive	ācris				ācrium
Dative	ācrī				ācribus
Accusative	ācrem		ācre		ācrēs		ācria
Ablative	ācrī				ācribus
Vocative	ācer	ācris	ācre		ācrēs		ācria

Derived terms

• ācriculus
• ācrimōnia
• ācriter
• ācritās
• ācritūdō

 

Related terms

• acerbus
• acervus

Descendants

(See also acrus.)

• Ancient borrowings:
  • → Old Irish: aicher
    • Irish: aichear
• Later borrowings:
  • → Catalan: acre
  • →⇒ English: acrid, acrylic
  • → Esperanto: akra
  • → French: âcre
  • → Italian: acre
  • → Portuguese: acre
  • → Spanish: acre

Etymology 2

Same as Etymology 1, with reference to multi-pointed leaves.
Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag "ak̂er-"

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ker/, [ˈäkɛr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈa.t͡ʃer/, [ˈäːt͡ʃer]

Noun

acer n (genitive aceris); third declension

1. maple tree

Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	acer	acera
Genitive	aceris	acerum
Dative	acerī	aceribus
Accusative	acer	acera
Ablative	acere	aceribus
Vocative	acer	acera

Derived terms

• acernus

Descendants

• Catalan: auró
• Esperanto: acero
• French: érable
• Italian: acero
• Portuguese: ácer
• Romanian: arțar
• Spanish: ácere, arce
• Translingual: Acer

References

• “acer”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “acer”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• acer in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the pain is very severe: acer morsus doloris est (Tusc. 2. 22. 53)
    
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “acer”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volumes 24: Refonte A–Aorte, page 94

Northern Kurdish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑːˈd͡ʒɛɾ/

Adjective

acer (Arabic spelling ئاجەر)

1. Alternative form of ecer

References

• Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “acer”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 1

Old French

Etymology

See acier.

Noun

acer oblique singular, m (nominative singular acers)

1. Alternative form of acier

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle English aker.

Pronunciation

• (North Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA^(key): /ˈakɛr/
  • (North Wales, colloquial) IPA^(key): /ˈakar/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈakɛr/

Noun

acer f (plural aceri)

1. acre

   Synonyms: cyfair, erw

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
acer	unchanged	unchanged	hacer
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “acer”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies