bonus

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See also: Bonus, bónus, and bônus

English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Latin bonus (“good”). Doublet of bona.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bonus (plural bonuses or bonusses or (nonstandard) boni)

  1. Something extra that is good; an added benefit.
  2. An extra sum given as a premium, e.g. to an employee or to a shareholder.
    • 2013 June 22, “Engineers of a different kind”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 70:
      Private-equity nabobs bristle at being dubbed mere financiers. […] Much of their pleading is public-relations bluster. Clever financial ploys are what have made billionaires of the industry’s veterans. “Operational improvement” in a portfolio company has often meant little more than promising colossal bonuses to sitting chief executives if they meet ambitious growth targets. That model is still prevalent today.
    The employee of the week receives a bonus for his excellent work.
  3. (video games) An addition to the player's score based on performance, e.g. for time remaining.
    • 1988, David Powell, Rygar (video game review) in Your Sinclair issue 25
      Spend the time killing things and there's a bonus for each hit - but only for fatalities notched up since the start of your current life.
  4. (basketball) One or more free throws awarded to a team when the opposing team has accumulated enough fouls.

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • → Danish: bonus
  • → French: bonus
  • → German: Bonus
  • → Portuguese: bónus, bônus
  • → Japanese: ボーナス (bōnasu)
  • → Turkish: bonus

Translations[edit]

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Verb[edit]

bonus (third-person singular simple present bonuses or bonusses, present participle bonusing or bonussing, simple past and past participle bonused or bonussed)

  1. (transitive) To pay a bonus, premium
    • 1949, Land Values Research Group, Reclamation of an Industrial Suburb:
      In its adherence to a system of rating which bonusses the most anti-social owners and penalises those doing something to improve the district, the municipality must accept a large measure of responsibility.
    • 1964, Translations on USSR Labor, United States Joint Publications Research Service, page 22:
      The main bulk of the piece-workers (71%) are bonussed for fulfillment of the production quotas by the section, shop or plant on condition they fulfill the norms.
    • 1991, Bruce S. Elliott, The City Beyond: A History of Nepean, Birthplace of Canada’s Capital, 1792-1990, Corporation of the City of Nepean, →ISBN, page 130:
      Extracting grants called bonusses from municipal councils had become a fine art in the hands of railway promoters, and by the 1870s councils were aware that huge municipal debts could be mounted up by bonussing railway lines that as often as not never materialized.

Anagrams[edit]

Czech[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Latin bonus.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [ˈbonus]
  • Hyphenation: bo‧nus

Noun[edit]

bonus m inan

  1. bonus

Declension[edit]

Declension of bonus (hard masculine inanimate)
singular plural
nominative bonus bonusy
genitive bonusu bonusů
dative bonusu bonusům
accusative bonus bonusy
vocative bonuse bonusy
locative bonusu bonusech
instrumental bonusem bonusy

Further reading[edit]

  • bonus in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • bonus in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

Danish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Via English bonus from Latin bonus (“good”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bonus c (singular definite bonussen, plural indefinite bonusser)

  1. bonus (an extra sum given as a premium, e.g. to an employee or to a shareholder)
  2. bonus (an unexpected benefit)
  3. bonus (an extraordinary reduction of a price)

Declension[edit]

Declension of bonus
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative bonus bonussen bonusser bonusserne
genitive bonus' bonussens bonussers bonussernes

Dutch[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Latin bonus (“good”).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈboː.nʏs/
  • Audio(file)
  • Hyphenation: bo‧nus

Noun[edit]

bonus m (plural bonussen or boni, diminutive bonusje n)

  1. A bonus, an extra or premium.
  2. (by extension) Any one-off gain.
  3. Good marks in a rating scale, notably to calculate an insurance premium dependent on the number of accidents.

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • → Indonesian: bonus
  • → Sranan Tongo: bones
    • → Caribbean Javanese: bones

Finnish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from English bonus or Latin bonus.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈbo(ː)nus/, [ˈbo̞(ː)nus̠]
  • Rhymes: -onus
  • Syllabification(key): bo‧nus

Noun[edit]

bonus

  1. bonus (something extra)
  2. bonus (extra payment to an employee)

Declension[edit]

Inflection of bonus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)
nominative bonus bonukset
genitive bonuksen bonusten
bonuksien
partitive bonusta bonuksia
illative bonukseen bonuksiin
singular plural
nominative bonus bonukset
accusative nom. bonus bonukset
gen. bonuksen
genitive bonuksen bonusten
bonuksien
partitive bonusta bonuksia
inessive bonuksessa bonuksissa
elative bonuksesta bonuksista
illative bonukseen bonuksiin
adessive bonuksella bonuksilla
ablative bonukselta bonuksilta
allative bonukselle bonuksille
essive bonuksena bonuksina
translative bonukseksi bonuksiksi
abessive bonuksetta bonuksitta
instructive — bonuksin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of bonus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative bonukseni bonukseni
accusative nom. bonukseni bonukseni
gen. bonukseni
genitive bonukseni bonusteni
bonuksieni
partitive bonustani bonuksiani
inessive bonuksessani bonuksissani
elative bonuksestani bonuksistani
illative bonukseeni bonuksiini
adessive bonuksellani bonuksillani
ablative bonukseltani bonuksiltani
allative bonukselleni bonuksilleni
essive bonuksenani bonuksinani
translative bonuksekseni bonuksikseni
abessive bonuksettani bonuksittani
instructive — —
comitative — bonuksineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative bonuksesi bonuksesi
accusative nom. bonuksesi bonuksesi
gen. bonuksesi
genitive bonuksesi bonustesi
bonuksiesi
partitive bonustasi bonuksiasi
inessive bonuksessasi bonuksissasi
elative bonuksestasi bonuksistasi
illative bonukseesi bonuksiisi
adessive bonuksellasi bonuksillasi
ablative bonukseltasi bonuksiltasi
allative bonuksellesi bonuksillesi
essive bonuksenasi bonuksinasi
translative bonukseksesi bonuksiksesi
abessive bonuksettasi bonuksittasi
instructive — —
comitative — bonuksinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative bonuksemme bonuksemme
accusative nom. bonuksemme bonuksemme
gen. bonuksemme
genitive bonuksemme bonustemme
bonuksiemme
partitive bonustamme bonuksiamme
inessive bonuksessamme bonuksissamme
elative bonuksestamme bonuksistamme
illative bonukseemme bonuksiimme
adessive bonuksellamme bonuksillamme
ablative bonukseltamme bonuksiltamme
allative bonuksellemme bonuksillemme
essive bonuksenamme bonuksinamme
translative bonukseksemme bonuksiksemme
abessive bonuksettamme bonuksittamme
instructive — —
comitative — bonuksinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative bonuksenne bonuksenne
accusative nom. bonuksenne bonuksenne
gen. bonuksenne
genitive bonuksenne bonustenne
bonuksienne
partitive bonustanne bonuksianne
inessive bonuksessanne bonuksissanne
elative bonuksestanne bonuksistanne
illative bonukseenne bonuksiinne
adessive bonuksellanne bonuksillanne
ablative bonukseltanne bonuksiltanne
allative bonuksellenne bonuksillenne
essive bonuksenanne bonuksinanne
translative bonukseksenne bonuksiksenne
abessive bonuksettanne bonuksittanne
instructive — —
comitative — bonuksinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative bonuksensa bonuksensa
accusative nom. bonuksensa bonuksensa
gen. bonuksensa
genitive bonuksensa bonustensa
bonuksiensa
partitive bonustaan
bonustansa 		bonuksiaan
bonuksiansa
inessive bonuksessaan
bonuksessansa 		bonuksissaan
bonuksissansa
elative bonuksestaan
bonuksestansa 		bonuksistaan
bonuksistansa
illative bonukseensa bonuksiinsa
adessive bonuksellaan
bonuksellansa 		bonuksillaan
bonuksillansa
ablative bonukseltaan
bonukseltansa 		bonuksiltaan
bonuksiltansa
allative bonukselleen
bonuksellensa 		bonuksilleen
bonuksillensa
essive bonuksenaan
bonuksenansa 		bonuksinaan
bonuksinansa
translative bonuksekseen
bonukseksensa 		bonuksikseen
bonuksiksensa
abessive bonuksettaan
bonuksettansa 		bonuksittaan
bonuksittansa
instructive — —
comitative — bonuksineen
bonuksinensa

Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

compounds

Further reading[edit]

French[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Orthographic borrowing from English bonus, from Latin bonus. Compare bon (“good”), a doublet inherited from the same Latin word.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bonus m (uncountable)

  1. premium
  2. bonus

Antonyms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Indonesian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Dutch bonus, from Latin bonus (“good”).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [ˈbonʊs]
  • Hyphenation: bo‧nus

Noun[edit]

bonus (first-person possessive bonusku, second-person possessive bonusmu, third-person possessive bonusnya)

  1. bonus:
    1. something extra that is good; an added benefit.
    2. an extra sum given as a premium, e.g. to an employee or to a shareholder.
      Synonyms: gratifikasi, insentif

Related terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Italian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Unadapted borrowing from Latin bonus, either through English or influenced by English. Compare the inherited doublet buono (“good”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bonus m (invariable)

  1. a bonus (all senses)

Latin[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Latin duenos, later duonus, from Proto-Italic *dwenos, from Proto-Indo-European *dew- (“to show favor, revere”). Cognate with beō.

Some relate it to Ancient Greek δέος (déos), whence δεινός (deinós), δειλός (deilós).

Compare the change from duellum to bellum (“war”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

bonus (feminine bona, neuter bonum, comparative melior, superlative optimus or optumus, adverb bene); first/second-declension adjective

  1. good, honest, brave, noble, kind, pleasant
    Antonym: malus
  2. right
  3. useful
  4. valid
  5. healthy
  6. quality

Declension[edit]

First/second-declension adjective.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative bonus bona bonum bonī bonae bona
Genitive bonī bonae bonī bonōrum bonārum bonōrum
Dative bonō bonō bonīs
Accusative bonum bonam bonum bonōs bonās bona
Ablative bonō bonā bonō bonīs
Vocative bone bona bonum bonī bonae bona

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Noun[edit]

bonus m (genitive bonī); second declension

  1. A good, moral, honest or brave man
  2. A gentleman

Declension[edit]

Second-declension noun.

Case Singular Plural
Nominative bonus bonī
Genitive bonī bonōrum
Dative bonō bonīs
Accusative bonum bonōs
Ablative bonō bonīs
Vocative bone bonī

References[edit]

  • “bonus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “bonus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • bonus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • bonus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to be robust, vigorous: bonis esse viribus
    • who gets the advantage from this? who is the interested party: cui bono?
    • moral science; ethics: philosophia, in qua de bonis rebus et malis, deque hominum vita et moribus disputatur
    • to have good lungs: bonis lateribus esse
    • to be brave, courageous: bono animo esse
    • (ambiguous) to possess means, to be well off: rem or opes habere, bona possidere, in bonis esse
    • to be very rich: opibus, divitiis, bonis, facultatibus abundare
    • to drive a person out of house and home: evertere aliquem bonis, fortunis patriis
    • disinherited: exheres paternorum bonorum (De Or. 1. 38. 175)
    • the aristocracy (as a party in politics): boni cives, optimi, optimates, also simply boni (opp. improbi); illi, qui optimatium causam agunt
    • justly and equitably: ex aequo et bono (Caecin. 23. 65)
    • (ambiguous) to meet with good weather: tempestatem idoneam, bonam nancisci
    • (ambiguous) to enjoy good health: bona (firma, prospera) valetudine esse or uti (vid. sect. VI. 8., note uti...)
    • (ambiguous) to reward amply; to give manifold recompense for: bonam (praeclaram) gratiam referre
    • (ambiguous) to have a good or bad reputation, be spoken well, ill of: bona, mala existimatio est de aliquo
    • (ambiguous) to be gifted, talented (not praeditum esse by itself): bona indole (always in sing.) praeditum esse
    • (ambiguous) he is a young man of great promise: adulescens alios bene de se sperare iubet, bonam spem ostendit or alii de adulescente bene sperare possunt
    • (ambiguous) to take a thing in good (bad) part: in bonam (malam) partem accipere aliquid
    • (ambiguous) to be brave, courageous: bonum animum habere
    • (ambiguous) to consider virtue the highest good: summum bonum in virtute ponere
    • (ambiguous) natural advantages: naturae bona
    • (ambiguous) to recover one's reason, be reasonable again: ad bonam frugem se recipere
    • (ambiguous) may heaven's blessing rest on it: quod bonum, faustum, felix, fortunatumque sit! (Div. 1. 45. 102)
    • (ambiguous) to bless (curse) a person: precari alicui bene (male) or omnia bona (mala), salutem
    • (ambiguous) to possess means, to be well off: rem or opes habere, bona possidere, in bonis esse
    • (ambiguous) to squander all one's property: lacerare bona sua (Verr. 3. 70. 164)
    • (ambiguous) to confiscate a person's property: bona alicuius publicare (B. G. 5. 54)
    • (ambiguous) to restore to a person his confiscated property: bona alicui restituere
    • (ambiguous) allow me to say: bona (cum) venia tua dixerim

Further reading[edit]

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from English bonus or Latin bonus.

Noun[edit]

bonus m (definite singular bonusen, indefinite plural bonuser, definite plural bonusene)

  1. a bonus

References[edit]

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from English bonus or Latin bonus.

Noun[edit]

bonus m (definite singular bonusen, indefinite plural bonusar, definite plural bonusane)

  1. a bonus

References[edit]

Romanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from English bonus, itself from Latin bonus. Doublet of bun (inherited from Latin), bon, and bonă (both borrowed from French).

Noun[edit]

bonus n (plural bonusuri)

  1. bonus

Declension[edit]

Declension of bonus
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) bonus bonusul (niște) bonusuri bonusurile
genitive/dative (unui) bonus bonusului (unor) bonusuri bonusurilor
vocative bonusule bonusurilor

Spanish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from English bonus, from Latin bonus. Compare the doublet bueno (“good”), inherited from the same Latin word.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈbonus/ [ˈbo.nus]
  • Rhymes: -onus
  • Syllabification: bo‧nus

Noun[edit]

bonus m (plural bonus)

  1. bonus

Further reading[edit]

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