caedo

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *kaidō, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂id-, *kh₂eyd- (“to cut, hew”).

Cognates include Old High German heia (“wooden hammer”), Old Armenian խայթ (xaytʿ, “sting”) and Sanskrit खिदति (khídati, “to tear, press”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈkae̯.doː/, [ˈkäe̯d̪oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃe.do/, [ˈt͡ʃɛːd̪o]
• Hyphenation: cae‧do

Verb

caedō (present infinitive caedere, perfect active cecīdī, supine caesum); third conjugation

1. to cut, hew, fell
2. to strike, beat

   Synonyms: ferio, tango, percutio, pello, percello, ico, discutio, pulsō, accido, affligo, impingo, verbero

3. to kill, to murder

   Synonyms: ēnecō, occīdō, interimō, cōnficiō, obtruncō, necō, percutiō, interficiō, trucīdō, iugulō, sōpiō, perimō, peragō, dēiciō, tollō, absūmō, cōnsūmō

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 5.772:

     tris Eryci uitulos et Tempestatibus agnam / caedere deinde iubet soluique ex ordine funem.

4. to defeat decisively (defeat with heavy losses to the enemy side)

   Synonyms: subigō, subiciō, dēvincō, vincō, ēvincō, conquestō, superō, domō, prōflīgō, obruō, exsuperō, pellō, opprimō, premō, fundō

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 26.1:

     C. Sulpicio cui Sicilia euenerat duae legiones quas P. Cornelius habuisset decretae et supplementum de exercitu Cn. Fului, qui priore anno in Apulia foede caesus fugatusque erat.

     To Gaius Sulpicius to whom Sicily was allotted two legions which Publius Cornelius had held were decided upon and reinforcements from Gnaius Fulvius’ army, which in the previous year had been shamefully defeated decisively and put to flight in Apulia

Conjugation

Conjugation of caedō (third conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	caedō	caedis	caedit	caedimus	caeditis	caedunt
	imperfect	caedēbam	caedēbās	caedēbat	caedēbāmus	caedēbātis	caedēbant
	future	caedam	caedēs	caedet	caedēmus	caedētis	caedent
	perfect	cecīdī	cecīdistī	cecīdit	cecīdimus	cecīdistis	cecīdērunt, cecīdēre
	pluperfect	cecīderam	cecīderās	cecīderat	cecīderāmus	cecīderātis	cecīderant
	future perfect	cecīderō	cecīderis	cecīderit	cecīderimus	cecīderitis	cecīderint
passive	present	caedor	caederis, caedere	caeditur	caedimur	caediminī	caeduntur
	imperfect	caedēbar	caedēbāris, caedēbāre	caedēbātur	caedēbāmur	caedēbāminī	caedēbantur
	future	caedar	caedēris, caedēre	caedētur	caedēmur	caedēminī	caedentur
	perfect	caesus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	caesus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	caesus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	caedam	caedās	caedat	caedāmus	caedātis	caedant
	imperfect	caederem	caederēs	caederet	caederēmus	caederētis	caederent
	perfect	cecīderim	cecīderīs	cecīderit	cecīderīmus	cecīderītis	cecīderint
	pluperfect	cecīdissem	cecīdissēs	cecīdisset	cecīdissēmus	cecīdissētis	cecīdissent
passive	present	caedar	caedāris, caedāre	caedātur	caedāmur	caedāminī	caedantur
	imperfect	caederer	caederēris, caederēre	caederētur	caederēmur	caederēminī	caederentur
	perfect	caesus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	caesus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	caede	—	—	caedite	—
	future	—	caeditō	caeditō	—	caeditōte	caeduntō
passive	present	—	caedere	—	—	caediminī	—
	future	—	caeditor	caeditor	—	—	caeduntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		caedere	cecīdisse	caesūrum esse	caedī	caesum esse	caesum īrī
participles		caedēns	—	caesūrus	—	caesus	caedendus, caedundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		caedendī	caedendō	caedendum	caedendō	caesum	caesū

Derived terms

• abscīdō
• accīdō
• caeduus
• caedēs
• caelum
• caesa
• caesim
• caesiō
• caesor
• caespes
• caesum
• caesus
• caesūra
• circumcīdō
• concīdō
• -cīda
• discīdō
• dēcīdō
• excīdō
• incīdō
• intercīdō
• occīdō
• percīdō
• praecīdō
• procīdō
• recīdō
• succīdō
• trucīdō
• trānscīdō

 

Related terms

• caelāmen
• caelātor
• caelātūra
• caelō
• caementum

 

References

• “caedo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “caedo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• caedo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to slaughter victims: victimas (oxen), hostias (smaller animals, especially sheep) immolare, securi ferire, caedere, mactare
    
  • to fell trees: arbores caedere
    
  • to beat with rods: virgis caedere
    
  • to utterly rout the enemy: caedere et fundere hostem
    
  • to absolutely annihilate the enemy: hostes ad internecionem caedere, delere (Liv. 9. 26)
    
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 79-80