kap

See also: Kap, Kap., kāp, kæp, kąp, and kAp

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *kapa, from Proto-Indo-European *kap-. Cognate to (Baltic) Latvian kàmpju, kàmpt; Proto-Celtic *kawnos (Old Irish cúan, Irish cuan, Scottish Gaelic cuan); Proto-Germanic *habnō, Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to have, lift”); Proto-Hellenic *kapťō (Ancient Greek κάπτω (káptō)), Proto-Hellenic *kṓpā (Ancient Greek κώπη (kṓpē)); Proto-Italic *kapiō (Latin capiō) and (perhaps) also Old Armenian խափ (xapʻ), Old Armenian խափանեմ (xapʻanem) (perhaps) and Latin capsa.

Verb

• (active) kap (aorist kapa, participle kapur)
• (passive) kápem (aorist u kapa, participle kapur)

1. (intransitive) to grab, grip (someone or something)

   Synonyms: rrok, zë

   Kape për flokësh!

   Grab her/him by the hair!

2. (2nd person) (you) catch (an object or feelings)
3. to seize, keep, hold (something, someone); to take or occupy (land, position)

   Synonyms: marr, pushtoj; qep

4. to find, surprise (a person in a situation, act)

   Synonym: gjej

5. (figurative, third person) to possess, overwhelm, scare (by a feeling, illness, demon)
6. to understand, see, hear immediately (a problem, issue, mission, task)

   Synonym: kuptoj

7. to reach (to); meet (someone or something that walks in front)

   Synonyms: arrij; takoj

8. (intransitive, figurative) to start, begin (work, job, path)

   Synonyms: nis, filloj

9. (third person) to tan, warm up (by the sun); to capture (by wind; military service)

   Synonyms: rrah, nxij; përfshij

   (Gheg examples)

   E ka kap dielli.

   The sun had captured her/him. (meaning “He/she's got a sunburn/tan.”)

   E rreh dielli ujët.

   The sun warms up (beats up) the water(s).

10. (third person) to determine, constitute; to reach, cost (a high sum)

    Synonym: kushtoj

11. to tie, bind, braid (hair)

    Synonym: lidh

12. (figurative) to snatch, pull off (hat, wig)

    Synonyms: heq, tërheq, shkul

Conjugation

• active voice

Standard Albanian conjugation of kap (active voice)

• Show compound tenses:  

		participle		kapur
		gerund		duke kapur
		infinitive		për të kapur
singular			plural
1st pers.	2nd pers.	3rd pers.	1st pers.	2nd pers.	3rd pers.
indicative	present	kap	kap	kap	kapim	kapni	kapin
	imperfect	kapja	kapje	kapte	kapnim	kapnit	kapnin
	aorist	kapa	kape	kapi	kapëm	kapët	kapën
perfect	kam kapur	ke kapur	ka kapur	kemi kapur	keni kapur	kanë kapur
past perfect	kisha kapur	kishe kapur	kishte kapur	kishim kapur	kishit kapur	kishin kapur
aorist II	pata kapur	pate kapur	pati kapur	patëm kapur	patët kapur	patën kapur
future1	do të kap	do të kapësh	do të kapë	do të kapim	do të kapni	do të kapin
future perfect2	do të kem kapur	do të kesh kapur	do të ketë kapur	do të kemi kapur	do të keni kapur	do të kenë kapur
subjunctive	present	të kap	të kapësh	të kapë	të kapim	të kapni	të kapin
imperfect	të kapja	të kapje	të kapte	të kapnim	të kapnit	të kapnin
perfect	të kem kapur	të kesh kapur	të ketë kapur	të kemi kapur	të keni kapur	të kenë kapur
past perfect	të kisha kapur	të kishe kapur	të kishte kapur	të kishim kapur	të kishit kapur	të kishin kapur
conditional1, 2	imperfect	do të kapja	do të kapje	do të kapte	do të kapnim	do të kapnit	do të kapnin
	past perfect	do të kisha kapur	do të kishe kapur	do të kishte kapur	do të kishim kapur	do të kishit kapur	do të kishin kapur
optative	present	kapsha	kapsh	kaptë	kapshim	kapshit	kapshin
perfect	paça kapur	paç kapur	pastë kapur	paçim kapur	paçit kapur	paçin kapur
admirative	present	kapkam	kapke	kapka	kapkemi	kapkeni	kapkan
	imperfect	kapkësha	kapkëshe	kapkësh	kapkëshim	kapkëshit	kapkëshin
perfect	paskam kapur	paske kapur	paska kapur	paskemi kapur	paskeni kapur	paskan kapur
past perfect	paskësha kapur	paskëshe kapur	paskësh kapur	paskëshim kapur	paskëshit kapur	paskëshin kapur
imperative	present	—	kap	—	—	kapni	—
1) indicative future identical with conditional present 2) indicative future perfect identical with conditional perfect

Derived terms

• kapth
• kaps, kapsllëk m, kapsllëku m
• kapem, kapur, kapje f, kapja f
• kapës, kapësi m, kapëse f, kapësja f
• kapëz f, kapëza f, kapshëm
• kapt, kaptë f, kapta f, kaptoj, kaptohet, kaptuar
• kapis (kapit), kapitem, kapitur, kapitje f, kapitja f
• rraskapit, rraskapitem, rraskapitur, rraskapitje f, rraskapitja f
• kaploj, kaplohem, kapluar

Further reading

• [2] active verb kap (aorist: kapa, participle: kapur) • Fjalor Shqip (Albanian Dictionary)
• [3] passive verb kapem / kápem (aorist: u kapa, participle: kapur) • Fjalor Shqip (Albanian Dictionary)

Noun

kap f

1. lid, cover

Danish

Noun

kap n (singular definite kappet, plural indefinite kap)

1. (geography) cape

Declension

Declension of kap

neuter gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	kap	kappet	kap	kappene
genitive	kaps	kappets	kaps	kappenes

Verb

kap

1. imperative of kappe

References

• “kap” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɑp/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: kap
• Rhymes: -ɑp

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch cappe, from Late Latin cappa.

Noun

kap f (plural kappen, diminutive kapje n)

1. cap
2. cover

Derived terms

• autokap
• beschermkap
• fietskap
• ijskap
• kaplaars
• kapsteen
• lampenkap
• mantelkap
• mondkap
• monnikskap
• motorkap
• narrenkap
• Roodkapje

Descendants

• Berbice Creole Dutch: kapu
• Negerhollands: kap
• → Indonesian: kap
• → Papiamentu: kap

Etymology 2

From kappen.

Noun

kap m (uncountable)

1. stroke; chopping

Verb

kap

1. inflection of kappen:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. imperative

Anagrams

• pak

Haitian Creole

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kap/

Etymology 1

Verb

kap

1. Clipping of kapab.

Etymology 2

Particle

kap

1. Contraction of ki ap.
   • 2019 March 19, “Rankont ann Itali ant Anvwaye Espesyal Etazini ak Larisi sou Kriz Venezuela a”, in Lavwadlamerik‎^[4]:

     Anvwaye espesyal Etazini pou Venezuela, Elliot Abrams, ak vis-minis afè etranjè Larisi, Sergei Ryabkov, ap fè reyinyon nan vil Wòm ann Itali pou yo pale sou sityasyon Venezuela kap agrave.”

     American Special Envoy for Venezuela Elliot Abrams and Russian Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Sergei Ryabkov are meeting in the city of Rome, Italy to talk about "the situation in Venezuela which is worsening."

Etymology 3

Noun

kap

1. cape

Derived terms

• Kap Ayisyen

Hokkien

For pronunciation and definitions of kap – see 佮 (“and”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 佮).

Hungarian

Etymology

Probably an onomatopoeia.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkɒp]

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɒp

Verb

kap

1. (transitive) to get, to receive (from someone: -tól/-től; as something: -ul/-ül)
2. (intransitive) to snatch, to grab (expressing a sudden movement) (with -hoz/-hez/-höz, -ba/-be, felé, or után)
3. (transitive, dialectal) to find

Conjugation

conjugation of kap

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	kapok	kapsz	kap	kapunk	kaptok	kapnak
		Def.	kapom	kapod	kapja	kapjuk	kapjátok	kapják
		2nd-p. o.	kaplak	―
	Past	Indef.	kaptam	kaptál	kapott	kaptunk	kaptatok	kaptak
		Def.	kaptam	kaptad	kapta	kaptuk	kaptátok	kapták
		2nd-p. o.	kaptalak	―
	Future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. kapni fog.
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	kapék	kapál	kapa	kapánk	kapátok	kapának
		Def.	kapám	kapád	kapá	kapánk	kapátok	kapák
		2nd-p. o.	kapálak	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. kap vala, kapott vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	kapandok	kapandasz	kapand	kapandunk	kapandotok	kapandanak
		Def.	kapandom	kapandod	kapandja	kapandjuk	kapandjátok	kapandják
		2nd-p. o.	kapandalak	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	kapnék	kapnál	kapna	kapnánk	kapnátok	kapnának
		Def.	kapnám	kapnád	kapná	kapnánk (or kapnók)	kapnátok	kapnák
		2nd-p. o.	kapnálak	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. kapott volna
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	kapjak	kapj or kapjál	kapjon	kapjunk	kapjatok	kapjanak
		Def.	kapjam	kapd or kapjad	kapja	kapjuk	kapjátok	kapják
		2nd-p. o.	kapjalak	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. kapott légyen
Infinitive	kapni		kapnom	kapnod	kapnia	kapnunk	kapnotok	kapniuk
Other forms	Verbal noun		Present part.	Past part.	Future part.	Adverbial participle		Causative
	kapás		kapó	kapott	kapandó	kapva (kapván)
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).

potential conjugation of kap

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	kaphatok	kaphatsz	kaphat	kaphatunk	kaphattok	kaphatnak
		Def.	kaphatom	kaphatod	kaphatja	kaphatjuk	kaphatjátok	kaphatják
		2nd-p. o.	kaphatlak	―
	Past	Indef.	kaphattam	kaphattál	kaphatott	kaphattunk	kaphattatok	kaphattak
		Def.	kaphattam	kaphattad	kaphatta	kaphattuk	kaphattátok	kaphatták
		2nd-p. o.	kaphattalak	―
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	kaphaték	kaphatál	kaphata	kaphatánk	kaphatátok	kaphatának
		Def.	kaphatám	kaphatád	kaphatá	kaphatánk	kaphatátok	kaphaták
		2nd-p. o.	kaphatálak	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. kaphat vala, kaphatott vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	kaphatandok or kapandhatok	kaphatandasz or kapandhatsz	kaphatand or kapandhat	kaphatandunk or kapandhatunk	kaphatandotok or kapandhattok	kaphatandanak or kapandhatnak
		Def.	kaphatandom or kapandhatom	kaphatandod or kapandhatod	kaphatandja or kapandhatja	kaphatandjuk or kapandhatjuk	kaphatandjátok or kapandhatjátok	kaphatandják or kapandhatják
		2nd-p. o.	kaphatandalak or kapandhatlak	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	kaphatnék	kaphatnál	kaphatna	kaphatnánk	kaphatnátok	kaphatnának
		Def.	kaphatnám	kaphatnád	kaphatná	kaphatnánk (or kaphatnók)	kaphatnátok	kaphatnák
		2nd-p. o.	kaphatnálak	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. kaphatott volna
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	kaphassak	kaphass or kaphassál	kaphasson	kaphassunk	kaphassatok	kaphassanak
		Def.	kaphassam	kaphasd or kaphassad	kaphassa	kaphassuk	kaphassátok	kaphassák
		2nd-p. o.	kaphassalak	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. kaphatott légyen
Inf.	(kaphatni)		(kaphatnom)	(kaphatnod)	(kaphatnia)	(kaphatnunk)	(kaphatnotok)	(kaphatniuk)
Positive adjective			kapható	Neg. adj.	kaphatatlan	Adv. part.	(kaphatva / kaphatván)

Derived terms

• kapaszkodik
• kapat
• kapdos
• kapható
• kapkod

 

Compound words

• adok-kapok

 

(With verbal prefixes):

• átkap
• bekap
• belekap
• elkap
• előkap
• felkap
• félrekap
• hátrakap
• hozzákap
• idekap
• kikap
• közbekap
• lekap
• megkap
• mellékap
• nekikap
• odakap
• összekap
• rákap
• rajtakap
• széjjelkap
• szétkap
• túlkap
• utánakap
• visszakap

Expressions

• aki kapja, marja
• erőre kap
• eszi, nem eszi, nem kap mást
• hajba kap
• vérszemet kap

 

Further reading

• kap in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkap̚/
• Hyphenation: kap

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

kap (first-person possessive kapku, second-person possessive kapmu, third-person possessive kapnya)

1. (nautical, archaic) rope

   Synonym: tali

Etymology 2

From Dutch kap, from Middle Dutch cappe, from Late Latin cappa.

Noun

kap (first-person possessive kapku, second-person possessive kapmu, third-person possessive kapnya)

1. cap
2. cover

Synonyms

• tudung
• tenda

Derived terms

• berkap

 

• kap mesin

 

Etymology 3

Noun

kap (first-person possessive kapku, second-person possessive kapmu, third-person possessive kapnya)

1. short for kapital.

Further reading

• “kap” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Northern Kurdish

Etymology

From Armenian կապ (kap).

Noun

kap m or f

1. rope

Derived terms

• kapik

References

• Cabolov, R. L. (2001) “kāp”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, page 514
• Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “kap”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume I, London: Transnational Press, page 376b

Further reading

• Dankoff, Robert (1995) Armenian Loanwords in Turkish (Turcologica; 21), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, § 328, page 75

Old Frisian

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *kaup, from Proto-Germanic *kaupaz, from Latin caupo (“tradesman”). Cognates include Old English ċēap and Old Dutch *cōp.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkaːp/

Noun

kāp m

1. purchase

Descendants

• North Frisian:

  Föhr-Amrum: kuup

• Saterland Frisian: Koop
• West Frisian: keap

References

• Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kap/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ap
• Syllabification: kap

Verb

kap

1. second-person singular imperative of kapać

Semai

Etymology

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *kap ~ *kaap (“to bite”); cognate with Vietnamese cạp, Bahnar kăp, Pacoh cáp, Khasi jkep, Khmer ត្រកាប់ (trɑkap), Car Nicobarese kap.

Verb

kap

1. to bite

Derived terms

• ke'nap

 

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kapь.

Noun

kȃp f (Cyrillic spelling ка̑п)

1. drop
2. stroke (brain hemorrhage)

Declension

Declension of kap

	singular	plural
nominative	kap	kapi
genitive	kapi	kápī
dative	kapi	kapima
accusative	kap	kapi
vocative	kapi	kapi
locative	kapi	kapima
instrumental	kȃplju	kapima

Derived terms

• kȁpljica
• kaplja

Southern Kam

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kʰa⁵³/

Noun

kap

1. ear

Swedish

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Declension

Declension of kap
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	kap	kapet	kap	kapen
Genitive	kaps	kapets	kaps	kapens

Etymology 1

From Old French cap, from Provençal, ultimately from Latin caput (“head”).

Noun

kap n

1. (geography) cape

Etymology 2

Deverbal from kapa (“hijack”).

Noun

kap n

1. a bargain, a steal, a catch (something (valuable) gotten for a very low price or with very low effort)

   För 1000 kr är den ett kap. Den är värd minst det dubbla.

   It's a steal at 1000 SEK. It's worth at least twice at much.

   Jag är ett riktigt kap

   I'm a real catch

References

• kap in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• kap in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• kap in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English cup.

Noun

kap

1. cup

Turkish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɑp/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish قاب (kab), from Proto-Turkic *kāp. Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (kap).

Noun

kap (definite accusative kabı, plural kaplar)

1. vessel, can, container, holder, pot, case
2. cover (of a vessel etc.)

Declension

Inflection
Nominative	kap
Definite accusative	kabı
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	kap	kaplar
Definite accusative	kabı	kapları
Dative	kaba	kaplara
Locative	kapta	kaplarda
Ablative	kaptan	kaplardan
Genitive	kabın	kapların
Possessive forms Nominative Singular Plural 1st singular kabım kaplarım 2nd singular kabın kapların 3rd singular kabı kapları 1st plural kabımız kaplarımız 2nd plural kabınız kaplarınız 3rd plural kapları kapları Definite accusative Singular Plural 1st singular kabımı kaplarımı 2nd singular kabını kaplarını 3rd singular kabını kaplarını 1st plural kabımızı kaplarımızı 2nd plural kabınızı kaplarınızı 3rd plural kaplarını kaplarını Dative Singular Plural 1st singular kabıma kaplarıma 2nd singular kabına kaplarına 3rd singular kabına kaplarına 1st plural kabımıza kaplarımıza 2nd plural kabınıza kaplarınıza 3rd plural kaplarına kaplarına Locative Singular Plural 1st singular kabımda kaplarımda 2nd singular kabında kaplarında 3rd singular kabında kaplarında 1st plural kabımızda kaplarımızda 2nd plural kabınızda kaplarınızda 3rd plural kaplarında kaplarında Ablative Singular Plural 1st singular kabımdan kaplarımdan 2nd singular kabından kaplarından 3rd singular kabından kaplarından 1st plural kabımızdan kaplarımızdan 2nd plural kabınızdan kaplarınızdan 3rd plural kaplarından kaplarından Genitive Singular Plural 1st singular kabımın kaplarımın 2nd singular kabının kaplarının 3rd singular kabının kaplarının 1st plural kabımızın kaplarımızın 2nd plural kabınızın kaplarınızın 3rd plural kaplarının kaplarının

Derived terms

• kaplı

 

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French cape.

Noun

kap (definite accusative kapı, plural kaplar)

1. cape (sleeveless garment covering the torso, especially as a woman’s dress)

Declension

Inflection
Nominative	kap
Definite accusative	kapı
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	kap	kaplar
Definite accusative	kapı	kapları
Dative	kapa	kaplara
Locative	kapta	kaplarda
Ablative	kaptan	kaplardan
Genitive	kapın	kapların
Possessive forms Nominative Singular Plural 1st singular kapım kaplarım 2nd singular kapın kapların 3rd singular kapı kapları 1st plural kapımız kaplarımız 2nd plural kapınız kaplarınız 3rd plural kapları kapları Definite accusative Singular Plural 1st singular kapımı kaplarımı 2nd singular kapını kaplarını 3rd singular kapını kaplarını 1st plural kapımızı kaplarımızı 2nd plural kapınızı kaplarınızı 3rd plural kaplarını kaplarını Dative Singular Plural 1st singular kapıma kaplarıma 2nd singular kapına kaplarına 3rd singular kapına kaplarına 1st plural kapımıza kaplarımıza 2nd plural kapınıza kaplarınıza 3rd plural kaplarına kaplarına Locative Singular Plural 1st singular kapımda kaplarımda 2nd singular kapında kaplarında 3rd singular kapında kaplarında 1st plural kapımızda kaplarımızda 2nd plural kapınızda kaplarınızda 3rd plural kaplarında kaplarında Ablative Singular Plural 1st singular kapımdan kaplarımdan 2nd singular kapından kaplarından 3rd singular kapından kaplarından 1st plural kapımızdan kaplarımızdan 2nd plural kapınızdan kaplarınızdan 3rd plural kaplarından kaplarından Genitive Singular Plural 1st singular kapımın kaplarımın 2nd singular kapının kaplarının 3rd singular kapının kaplarının 1st plural kapımızın kaplarımızın 2nd plural kapınızın kaplarınızın 3rd plural kaplarının kaplarının

Etymology 3

Verb

kap

1. second-person singular imperative of kapmak

Volapük

Noun

kap (nominative plural kaps)

1. head

Declension

declension of kap

	singular	plural
nominative	kap	kaps
genitive	kapa	kapas
dative	kape	kapes
accusative	kapi	kapis
vocative 1	o kap!	o kaps!
predicative 2	kapu	kapus

• ¹ status as a case is disputed
• ² in later, non-classical Volapük only

Zou

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kap˧˥/

Verb

káp

1. (transitive) to shoot

Derived terms

• ekap

 

References

• Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 81