longus

English

Etymology

Borrowed from New Latin longus (“long”), clipping of musculus longus (“long muscle”).

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈlɔŋ.ɡəs/

Noun

longus (plural longi)

1. (anatomy) A long muscle in the body.

   Hyponyms: longus capitis, longus colli

Related terms

• abductor pollucis longus
• adductor longus
• extensor carpi radialis longus
• extensor digitorum longus
• extensor hallucis longus
• extensor pollucis longus
• fibularis longus, peroneus longus
• flexor digitorum longus
• flexor hallucis longus
• flexor pollucis longus
• palmaris longus

 

Translations

muscle

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 長肌／长肌 (chángjī)

References

• “longus”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

Anagrams

• Luongs, gluons, lungos, sgluon

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *dlongos, from Proto-Indo-European *dlongʰos. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *langaz.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈlon.ɡus/, [ˈɫ̪ɔŋɡʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈlon.ɡus/, [ˈlɔŋɡus]

Adjective

longus (feminine longa, neuter longum, comparative longior, superlative longissimus, adverb longē or longiter); first/second-declension adjective

1. (literally):
   1. far, long; extended, prolonged (of space, in general)
   2. (in particular) remote, distant, far off

      Synonym: longinquus

   3. great, vast, spacious
   4. tall (of people)

      Synonym: altus

      • c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 86.1–2:

        Quīntia fōrmōsa est multīs, mihi candida, longa, / rēcta est.

        Quintia is beautiful for many, for me she is fair-skinned, tall, upright.

2. (transferred sense)
   1. long, of long duration or continuance; tedious, laborious (of time)
      • c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca the Younger, De brevitate vitae 13:

        Persequi singulos longum est quorum aut latrunculi aut pila aut excoquendi in sole corporis cura consumpsere uitam.

        It would be tedious to mention all the different men who have spent the whole of their life over chess or ball or the practice of baking their bodies in the sun.

      • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 6.8:

        Longum esse perterritis Romanis Germanorum auxilium exspectare.

        They said it would be tedious to wait for the assistance of the Germans while the Romans were terrified.

   2. (of speech or writing) long-winded, lengthy

      Longum iter per praecepta, breve per exempla. ― (Education is) a long road by lessons, a short one by examples.

Inflection

First/second-declension adjective.

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	longus	longa	longum		longī	longae	longa
Genitive	longī	longae	longī		longōrum	longārum	longōrum
Dative	longō		longō		longīs
Accusative	longum	longam	longum		longōs	longās	longa
Ablative	longō	longā	longō		longīs
Vocative	longe	longa	longum		longī	longae	longa

Antonyms

• brevis

Derived terms

• Alba Longa
• longaevus
• longanimis
• longiloquium
• longinquus
• longipēs
• longiter
• longitia
• longiturnus
• longitūdō
• longivīvāx
• longulus
• longurius
• longuriō
• longē
• longīscō
• porta itinerī longissima

 

Related terms

• longaevitās
• longanimiter
• longanimitās
• longinquitās
• longinquē
• longinquō
• longiturnitās
• longiusculus
• longiusculē
• longulē

 

Descendants

Descendants of longus in other languages

• Aromanian: lungu
• Asturian: llongu
• Dalmatian: luang
• → Emilian: lóng
• → English: longus
• → Franco-Provençal: long
• Friulian: lunc
• → Istriot: longo
• Italian: lungo
• Ladin: lonch
• → Ligurian: lóngo
• Neapolitan: luongo
• → Old French: long, lonc; lunc
  • French: long
  • Norman: long (Jersey), laong (Guernsey)
• → Old Irish: long
  • Irish: long
  • Manx: lhong
  • Scottish Gaelic: long
• Old Occitan: lonc
  • Occitan: long
  • Catalan: llong
• → Old Galician-Portuguese: longo
  • Galician: longo
  • Ladino: longu (Monastir, Sarajevo)
  • Portuguese: longo
• Romanian: lung
• Romansch: lung
• → Sardinian: longu
• → Sicilian: longu
• → Spanish: longo
• Spanish: luengo
• → Venetian: longo
• → Walloon: long
• → Welsh: llong

References

• “longus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “longus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• longus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• longus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to accomplish a long journey: longam viam conficere
    
  • (ambiguous) this word ends in a long syllable: haec vox longa syllaba terminatur, in longam syllabam cadit, exit
    
  • not to be prolix: ne longus, multus sim
    
  • (ambiguous) at a great distance: longo spatio, intervallo interiecto
    
  • (ambiguous) to finish a very long journey: longum itineris spatium emetiri
    
  • (ambiguous) after a fairly long interval: satis longo intervallo
    
  • (ambiguous) this word ends in a long syllable: haec vox longa syllaba terminatur, in longam syllabam cadit, exit
    
  • (ambiguous) to begin with a long syllable: oriri a longa (De Or. 1. 55. 236)
    
  • (ambiguous) a man-of-war: navis longa
    
  • (ambiguous) not to be prolix: ne longum sit
    
• “longus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “longus”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
• “longus”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly