plenus

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *plēnos, from an e-grade variant of Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós (“full”) (the zero-grade form would have given *plānus). Cognates include Ancient Greek πλήρης (plḗrēs) and πλέως (pléōs), Sanskrit पूर्ण (pūrṇa), Old English full (English full), Persian پر (por), Old Irish lán, Old Church Slavonic пльнъ (plĭnŭ), Lithuanian pilnas.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈpleː.nus/, [ˈpɫ̪eːnʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈple.nus/, [ˈplɛːnus]

Adjective

plēnus (feminine plēna, neuter plēnum, comparative plēnior, superlative plēnissimus, adverb plēnē); first/second-declension adjective

1. full, filled, complete

   Synonyms: refertus, implētus, explētus, complētus, frequens

   Antonyms: vacuus, vanus, inānis

2. (with genitive, or ablative in later Latin) full (of), plump
3. (poetic) satisfied

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	plēnus	plēna	plēnum		plēnī	plēnae	plēna
Genitive	plēnī	plēnae	plēnī		plēnōrum	plēnārum	plēnōrum
Dative	plēnō		plēnō		plēnīs
Accusative	plēnum	plēnam	plēnum		plēnōs	plēnās	plēna
Ablative	plēnō	plēnā	plēnō		plēnīs
Vocative	plēne	plēna	plēnum		plēnī	plēnae	plēna

Related terms

• plēnārius
• plēnē
• plēnilūnium
• plēnitūdo
• plēnum
• plērus
• pleō

Descendants

• Aromanian: plin, mplin
• Corsican: pienu
• Dalmatian: plain
• English: plene
• Italian: pieno
• Neapolitan: chino
• Old French: plein, plain, pleen
  • French: plein
  • Norman: pliein
  • Walloon: plin
• Old Leonese: xeno (1245, Sahagún Monastery), leno (1294, Cathedral of Oviedo)
  • Asturian: llenu, ḷḷenu, chenu (the final -u can drop)
  • Leonese: chenu, llenu
  • Mirandese: cheno
• Old Galician-Portuguese: chẽo, cheo
  • Fala: cheo
  • Galician: cheo
  • Portuguese: cheio (see there for further descendants)
• Old Occitan: ple
  • Catalan: ple
  • Occitan: plen
• Old Spanish: lenno, lleno
  • Ladino: yeno
  • Spanish: lleno
    • Papiamentu: yen
• Rhaeto-Romance
  • Friulian: plen
  • Ladin: pien
  • Romansch: plain, plein, plagn
• Romagnol: pi
• Ligurian: pin
• Romanian: plin
• Sardinian: prenu, pienu, plenu
• Sicilian: chinu
• Venetian: pien
• → Portuguese: pleno
• → Spanish: pleno

References

• “plenus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “plenus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• plenus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• plenus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • a very charming book: liber plenus delectationis
    
  • a most courteous letter: litterae officii or humanitatis plenae