je

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Albanian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

je

  1. second-person singular present indicative of jam

Bassa[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

je

  1. jealousy
  2. a kind of lizard

References[edit]

Blagar[edit]

Noun[edit]

je

  1. canoe

References[edit]

Bourguignon[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • i (normal form)

Etymology[edit]

The traditional form is i but je is found as early as in the first recorded texts in Bourguignon. However nowadays, it is rare to find it, most speakers saying i as it is a typical feature of Bourguignon.

Pronoun[edit]

je

  1. (rare) Alternative form of i

Related terms[edit]

Czech[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [ˈjɛ]
  • (file)
  • Rhymes:

Etymology 1[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jь, *ja, *je, originally from Proto-Indo-European *eno-, *ono-, *no-.[cs 1]

Pronoun[edit]

je

  1. third-person plural accusative of on
  2. third-person plural accusative of ona
  3. third-person singular/plural accusative of ono
See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Formerly jest, from Proto-Slavic *estь, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-.[cs 1]

Verb[edit]

je

  1. third-person singular present indicative of být

References[edit]

  1. 1.0 1.1 Rejzek, Jiří (2007) Český etymologický slovník (in Czech), Version 1.0 edition, Prague: Leda

Dutch[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

je

  1. subjective unstressed form of jij (you (singular))
    Wat doe je daar?What are you doing there?
  2. objective unstressed form of jij (you (singular))
    Ik doe dit wel voor je.I'll do this for you.
    Hoe gaat het met je? — Goed. En met jou?
    How are you? — I'm good. What about you?
  3. subjective unstressed form of jullie (you (plural), y'all)
    Wat doe je daar?What are you doing there?
  4. objective unstressed form of jullie (you (plural), y'all)
    Ik doe dit wel voor je.I'll do this for you.
  5. (indefinite personal pronoun, informal) one, people, you, someone, anyone; an unspecified individual or group of individuals (as subject or object)
    Je mag hier niet zwemmen.Swimming is not allowed here.
    In dat restaurant kun je heerlijk eten.There is great food to be had in that restaurant.
    • 1995 May 23, Marleen Barth, “'Politiek moet leren luisteren naar scholen' ['Politicians must learn to listen to schools']”, in Trouw[1], page 4:
      „Als je als directeur ondernemend van aard bent en je kunt goed leidinggeven, dan ben je natuurlijk wel gelukkig met meer vrijheid. Maar dat geldt voor veel directeuren niet.(...)"
      "If a headteacher is entrepreneurial by nature and if he or she is a good manager, they'll obviously be happy with more freedom. But this does not apply to many headteachers.(...)"
  6. (personal pronoun, colloquial) I, one; used to talk about oneself indirectly, especially about feelings or personal experiences
    Je gaat wel even een moeilijk periode door, maar je zoekt toch naar een oplossing.I did go through a difficult period, but I looked for a solution nonetheless.
    • 1994 December 31, Wang An Oe, “'Voor een paar tientjes was ik ineens directeur' ['For a couple of tenners, I suddenly became a CEO']”, in Leeuwarder Courant[2], page 17:
      Het echtpaar Duijm uit Spijkenisse toog zo'n vier maanden geleden naar de Kamer van Koophandel omdat meneer en mevrouw wel wat zagen in een strijkservice. (...) „Voor ƒ 58 inschrijfgeld waren we plotseling directeur en directrice. Na afloop voel je weer de frisse lucht buiten en dan denk je wel even: waar zijn we aan begonnen?"
      About four months ago, Mr and Mrs Duijm from Spijkenisse went to the Chamber of Commerce because the couple saw business potential for an ironing service. (...) "For a ƒ58 registration fee, we were suddenly CEOs. Afterwards, I felt the fresh outside air again and at that moment I did think to myself: what did we get ourselves into?"
    • 2022 October 31, Gummbah, De Volkskrant[3] (cartoon), retrieved 23 November 2022:
      Hoe gaat het nou?
      Slecht !... Ja, je hebt toch net je moeder begraven, hè
      How are things?
      Bad! After all, I just buried my mother, right?
Usage notes[edit]
  • When je is the unstressed subjective form of jullie, it is construed with a singular verb. Compare:
Het is gevaarlijk, maar jullie moeten weten wat je doet.
It’s dangerous, but you must decide what you’re doing.
  • In informal language, je often replaces jij, jou, and jouw, with those forms used for emphasis or contrast.
Heb je aan je maat gevraagd of ’ie z’n boor voor je kan meenemen? — Ja, hij zei dat ik ’m daarna aan jou mag geven zodat jij ’m voor jouw klusje kunt gebruiken.
Did you ask your mate to bring his drill for you? — Yes, he said I can give it to you afterwards so you can use it for your project.
Inflection[edit]
Descendants[edit]
  • Jersey Dutch: je

Etymology 2[edit]

Determiner[edit]

je (second person, possessive)

  1. possessive unstressed form of jij (you (singular)): your (singular)
    Neem je boek en maak die oefening.Take your book and do that exercise.
  2. possessive unstressed form of jullie (you (plural), y'all): your (plural), y'all's
    Neem je boeken en maak die oefening.Take your books and do that exercise.
Inflection[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

je (second person, reflexive)

  1. reflexive of jij (you (singular)): yourself
    Heb je je gewassen?Did you wash yourself?
  2. reflexive of jullie (you (plural), y'all): yourselves
    Hebben jullie je goed voorbereid?Have you all prepared yourselves well?
Inflection[edit]

Esperanto[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From German je (ever, per).

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

je

  1. An all-purpose preposition.

Usage notes[edit]

The preposition je can replace any other preposition and remain grammatically correct, albeit more ambiguous. It is usually clear what meaning is intended based on context.

It is most useful for prepositional phrases not involving a literal physical connection, and instead, the correct preposition in the source language is mandated by convention only:

"He bets on the horses." (He doesn't place his money on the physical body of the horse.)
"I typed it on the computer." (It was actually typed using the computer.)
"She'll be here in a minute." (She'll be here within or after a minute.)

Without context, Donu ĝin je mi could mean any of the following:

Donu ĝin je [al] mi. — “Give it to me.”
Donu ĝin je [el] mi. — “Give it from me.”
Donu ĝin je [kun] mi. — “Give it with me.”

Without context, La kato saltis je la tablon could mean any of the following:

La kato saltis je [sur] la tablon. — “The cat jumped onto the table.”
La kato saltis je [malsuper] la tablon. — “The cat jumped under the table.”
La kato saltis je [malantaŭ] la tablon. — “The cat jumped behind the table.”

Related terms[edit]

Franco-Provençal[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

Pronoun[edit]

je

  1. I (1SG subject pronoun)

References[edit]

  • je in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca

French[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle French je, from Old French je, from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ʒə/
  • (informal) IPA(key): (before a voiced segment) /ʒ/, (before an unvoiced segment) /ʃ/
  • (file)
  • Rhymes:

Pronoun[edit]

je (first person singular, plural nous, object me, emphatic moi, possessive determiner mon)

  1. I

Usage notes[edit]

  • When several pronouns are included in the same sentence, it is considered impolite to say the pronoun je first; it must be the last one, and tu must be said after third persons (this applies also for toi and moi):
    • Nous irons, Rose, toi et moi.
      We will go, Rose, you and I.

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Garo[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Likely borrowed from Bengali যেই (jei)

Pronoun[edit]

je

  1. that which
  2. whatever
  3. whoever

References[edit]

  • Burling, R. (2003) The Language of the Modhupur Mandi (Garo) Vol. II: The Lexicon[4], Bangladesh: University of Michigan, page 56

German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Old High German io.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

je

  1. ever
    • 1930, Paul Joachimsen, Der Humanismus und die Entwicklung des deutschen Geistes, in: Deutsche Vierteljahrsschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Geistesgeschichte, 8, page 467:
      Und nun kommt die Reformation selbst. Die größte geistige Umwälzung, die je ein Volk des Abendlandes erlebt hat.
      And now comes the Reformation itself. The largest spiritual upheaval that was ever experienced by a nation of the Occident.
  2. per
  3. (with “desto”, “umso” or (dated) “je) the
    je mehr, desto besserthe more the better
    je früher, umso besserthe sooner the better

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Haitian Creole[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From earlier zye, from Saint Dominican Creole French z'yeu, from French les yeux (the eyes).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

je

  1. eye
    Alternative form: zye

Icelandic[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Shortening of Jesús (Jesus).

Interjection[edit]

je

  1. oh my!
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From English yeah.

Interjection[edit]

je

  1. (slang, dated) yeah (indicating enthusiastic appreciation, etc.)

Etymology 3[edit]

Noun[edit]

je n (genitive singular jes, nominative plural je)

  1. (obsolete) Name of the letter J, j.
Declension[edit]
Synonyms[edit]
  • (name of J, j): joð

Ido[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

je (plural je-i)

  1. The name of the Latin script letter J/j.

See also[edit]

Igbo[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Verb[edit]

je

  1. go
  2. walk

Derived terms[edit]

Indonesian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Dutch jee. Doublet of ye. Represented Dutch-derived J (pronounced /j/, modern Y) before 1972.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈd͡ʒe/, [ˈd͡ʒe]

Noun[edit]

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter J/j.
  2. (pre-1947, 1947-1972) Superseded spelling of ye.

See also[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Jersey Dutch[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Dutch je.

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

je

  1. you (second-person singular subjective personal pronoun)

Kari'na[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Cariban , *jô; compare Apalaí je, Trió je, Wayana je, Waiwai yo, Akawaio ö, Macushi ye, Pemon ye, Ye'kwana yedü, dedü, Yao (South America) hoieelii.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

je (possessed jery)

  1. tooth
  2. sharpness

References[edit]

  • Courtz, Hendrik (2008) A Carib grammar and dictionary[5], Toronto: Magoria Books, →ISBN, page 285
  • Ahlbrinck, Willem (1931) “ye”, in Encyclopaedie der Karaïben, Amsterdam: Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, page 548; republished as Willem Ahlbrinck, Doude van Herwijnen, transl., L'Encyclopédie des Caraïbes[6], Paris, 1956, page 537

Lashi[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

je

  1. more (comparative)

References[edit]

  • Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid[7], Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)

Lower Sorbian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • nje (after a preposition)

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

je

  1. accusative of wóni

Malay[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Phonetic spelling of ja in Johor-Riau Malay, clipping of sahaja or saja.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

je

  1. (informal) Alternative form of sahaja.

Etymology 2[edit]

From English jay.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈd͡ʒe/, [ˈd͡ʒe]

Noun[edit]

(plural je-je)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter J/j.
Synonyms[edit]
  • je (Indonesian)
  • jim (Jawi letter name)
See also[edit]

Marshallese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Micronesian *tia, from Proto-Oceanic *tian, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tian, from Proto-Austronesian *tiaN.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

je

  1. abdomen
  2. stomach
  3. innard

References[edit]

Mbyá Guaraní[edit]

Particle[edit]

je

  1. indicates hearsay or indirect source of information.
    Mboapy'i je oo jepe raka'e.
    It is said that few could escape.

Middle French[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

je

  1. Alternative form of ie

Middle Low German[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

  1. Alternative form of .

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Old East Norse jak.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /jeː/, /jɛː/, /jæː/
  • IPA(key): /jeːɡ/, /jeː/ (rare, Northern Romerike)

Pronoun[edit]

je (accusative meg or (dialectal) me)

  1. (pre-1938 or dialectal) alternative form of eg (I)

See also[edit]


Old French[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

Pronoun[edit]

je

  1. I

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

Polish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

je

  1. accusative of one
  2. accusative of ono

See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Verb[edit]

je

  1. third-person singular present indicative of jeść

Etymology 3[edit]

Verb[edit]

je

  1. (colloquial) third-person singular present indicative of być

Saterland Frisian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Frisian , from Proto-West Germanic *jā. Cognates include West Frisian ja and German ja. Doublet of jee and .

Pronunciation[edit]

Particle[edit]

je

  1. Used to intensify a statement to express it is a known fact; obviously, of course

References[edit]

  • Marron C. Fort (2015) “je”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Shortened from jȅst (is).

Verb[edit]

je ? (Cyrillic spelling је)

  1. is (clitic third-person singular present of bȉti (to be))

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

je (Cyrillic spelling је)

  1. of her (clitic genitive singular of òna (she))
  2. her (clitic accusative singular of òna (she))
Declension[edit]

Slovak[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

je

  1. third-person singular of byť
  2. third-person singular of jesť

Slovene[edit]

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Verb[edit]

  1. third-person singular present of bíti

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Verb[edit]

jẹ́

  1. third-person singular present of jẹ́sti

Swahili[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Particle[edit]

je

  1. well? now? (used to call attention to a question)

Usage notes[edit]

Je precedes the question, and is more commonly used in writing (to supplement for what is usually conveyed by tone of voice in speech).

Adverb[edit]

-je

  1. A clitic placed at the end of a verb, meaning how.
    umelalaje?
    how did you sleep?

Ternate[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Clipping of waje.

Pronunciation[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

je

  1. Alternative form of waje (complementizer, that)
    ana iwaje je kolano osonethey say that the king is dead

References[edit]

  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Turkish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

je (definite accusative jeyi, plural jeler)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter J.

See also[edit]

Turkmen[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

je (definite accusative jeni, plural jeler)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter J.

Declension[edit]

Upper Sorbian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈjɛ/
  • Rhymes:
  • Syllabification: je

Verb[edit]

je

  1. third-person singular present of być
    Wón je zadołženy.
    He is in debt.

Welsh[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

je f (plural jeau, not mutable)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter J.

See also[edit]

West Makian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Numeral[edit]

je

  1. attaches to pronouns to form the dual
    ini jeyou two
    eme jethey two

References[edit]

  • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours[8], Pacific linguistics